Assertion is false, but reason is true. Essential amino acids are those which are taken form food and not synthesised in the body, whereas non-essential amino acids need not be supplied in the diet and synthesised in the body. Glycine serine and tyrosine are non-essential amino acids.

Mutation is the most responsible factor for origin of new species.

Ticks and mites are categorized under order Arachnids of phylum Arthopoda of animal kingdom.

Blood has more platelets than corpuscles. A microlitre of blood contains 5,000-10,000 of White blood cells (WBC) and 150,000-500,000 platelets.

Octopus is an animal of class-Cephalopoda and phylum Mollusca. The shell is absent. It is found at bottom of the sea. It kills its prey with poisonous saliva. It can change its colour.

AIDS is a viral disease. In this disease the immune system weakens and the body becomes prone to different type of infection by pathogens. Sweating at night, swollen lymph nodes, loss of memory and loss of weight are also symptoms of AIDS.

A nephron consists of a network of tiny blood vessels, the glomerulus surrounded by Bowman’s capsule. Pressure forces much of the blood plasma through the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule. The resulting tubular fluid, which contains water and dissolved chemicals then passes into convoluted tubule and loop of Henle. This capillary network provides a mean for pick up and delivery of materials that are reabsorbed and secreted by the kidney.

Milk contains vitamin B₁ (Thiamin) and vitamin B₂ (riboflavin). So, statement (a) is not correct.

Both the statement is correct.
• HCl is secreted, providing an acid medium for pepsin action and kill most bacteria and helps in digestion of food. When the food enters in duodenum (small intestine), secretin is produced by intestine that stimulates pancreas for pancreatic juice secretion.
• Enterogastrone is produced in small intestine.

Lachrymal is a tear produced gland which does not function due to deficiency of vitamin – A.
Deficiency of vitamin – B₁ causes loss of appetite, heart disorders, muscular weakness etc.

Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids. Insulin secrets from pancreas (Islets of Langerhans).

Gibbon is the only ape found in rain forests of Assam in India, whereas Pangolins are found in tropical Asia and Africa.

Lymphocytes are the cells that determine the specificity of the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other foreign substances. In humans lymphocytes make up 25 to 33% of the total number of leukocytes. Lymphocytes cells originate from bone marrow of long bones and Hen migrate to lymphatic system.

Adam Osborne introduced the first portable computer in 1981 and Ian Wilmut, an English embryologist first cloned a mammal (Lamb) in year 1996.

Assertion is true because a balance diet is a diet which contains the correct amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. But the reason is false, because human body cells synthesize various fatty acids except linoleic and linolenic fatty acids.

• The largest bone in human body is femur.
• Cholera is caused by a bacteria Vibrio cholera.
• Athlete’s foot disease is caused by parasific fungus of genus Trichophyton.

Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquito. The symptoms of disease is characterized by high fever, severe muscle pain, joint pain and rashes in body.

All are infectious diseases.

Assertion is false because protein digestion occurs in stomach and small intestine. But reason is true because the proteolytic enzyme from pancreas secretion immediately enters to small intestine from the stomach.

Assertion is correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Amoeba is a unicellular animal. It reproduce by the process of asexual reproduction. Fission is one of the processes of asexual reproduction, where amoeba divides in half to produce off spring.