Only crocodile is kept in the Red book or endangered species list.

The Kyoto Protocol invented the concept of carbon emissions trading, whereby carbon credits were a “flexibility mechanism”. Under this flexibility mechanism Annex 1 (developed countries) could use the carbon credits to meet their emission reduction commitments.
A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide (tCO₂e) equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the Flexible Mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes. The CDM is defined in Article 12 of the Protocol and is intended to meet two objectives:
(1) to assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), which is to prevent dangerous climate change; and (2) to assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments (greenhouse gas (GHG) emission caps).

The protocol was initially adopted on 11th December 1997. But it entered into force on 16th February 2005, after Kyoto, Japan. So, it is called Kyoto protocol.
Kyoto protocol deals with reducing the green house gases emission to a level at least 5% below 1990 level. Methane is more effective or harmful green house gas than carbon dioxide.

Methane and nitrous oxide are the two green house gases emitted from rice field. In rice field, flooding cuts off the oxygen supply from atmosphere resulting in anaerobic condition which emits methane and nitrogen fertilizer which generally used in rice field for high production, emits nitrous oxide by reacting with atmospheric oxygen.

• Bhiterkanika, Orissa is a protected area for salt water crocodile, where breeding is the main purpose of that protected area.
• Great Indian Bustard is protected in desert area of Rajasthan.
• The Eravikulam National Park was established to protect the Nilgiri tahir (wild goat) species.

Biodiversity hot spots are not confined to tropical regions and Indian hotspots are present in eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats and Andaman Islands.

The fix boundary of national park is described in Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 and the actual area of the national park is notified by state government.
A biosphere reserve conserves an ecosystem and not just few specific species of plants and animals.

Biomagnification is the phenomenon of increasing concentration of compound in the tissue of organism, as the compound passes up a food chain, usually as a result of food intake. In this case, the concentration of compound will increase with increasing the tropic level. Biomagnifying pollutants which increases in concentration from producers ⟶ Primary consumers ⟶ Secondary consumers ⟶ Tertiary consumers ⟶ Top consumer. Hawk is the top consumer, so the pesticide concentration will be highest in Hawk.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, the ‘caps’ or quotas for Greenhouse gases for the developed Annex 1 countries are known as Assigned Amounts and are listed in Annex B. The quantity of the initial assigned amount is denominated in individual units, called Assigned amount units (AAUs), each of which represents an allowance to emit one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, and these are entered into the country’s national registry.

National Forest Policy, 1988 describes the protection of forest and development of forest. It does not describe the use of insecticide and pesticide in forest areas.

In the third annual survery of National Geographic Society and Globe Scan, Indian top ranked in Greendex 2009 due to environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour.

Ramsar convention describes to conserve all the sites through ecosystem approach and allow their simultaneous sustainable use.

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, which result from human activity such as the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. Climate change mitigation is action to decrease the potential effects of global warming. At a time rate of mitigation is less in India because appropriate technologies are limited and costly. Moreover India don’t have huge funds required for research and development in that area.

Ambient temperature simply means “the temperature of the surroundings” and will be the same as room temperature. Indoor the common range of 20°C (68°F) to 27°C (80°F). Similarly, ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, which comes into contact with the object. The soot, sulphur hexaflouride, and water vapour all three can be found at ambient atmosphere which corresponds to ambient temperature and pressure, and subsequently warming up of atmosphere.

Since CO₂ is heavier than air, it sinks in ocean than moving up. Also, during winter, it is observed that CO₂ is trapped in ice caps.

Upwelling brings nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water. This is to do with the phytoplankton’s and nothing to do with the decomposer microorganisms.

The United Nations framework convention on climate change is an international treaty drawn at UN conference on Environment and development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992.

The nitric acid in polar stratospheric clouds reacts with CFC_s to form chlorine, which catalyzes the photochemical destruction of ozone.

The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a mangrove wetland in India’s Orissa state. The Bhitarkanika Mangroves cover an area of 650 km² in the river delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.