The sun, the earth and the moon come in the position of quadrature (form-a right angle) on seventh and eighth day of every fortnight of a month and thus the tide producing forces of the sun and the moon works in opposite direction, causing low tide. This is lower in height than the normal tide and is called neap tide. But the spring tide occurs during full moon and are called high tides.

Sun halo also known as 22 degree halo, the ring is caused by sunlight passing through ice crystals in cirrus clouds with in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Ocean currents are not slow most of the time and can be subsurface current also. So, statement ‘1’ is wrong. But ‘2’, ‘3’ and ‘4’ statements are correct.

1st statement is wrong: Equational region has only two seasons.
2nd statement : Mediterranean gets rainfall during winter season is also wrong.

According to ecosystem, the maximum albedo would be of Tundra, then Taiga, then Tropical Deciduous then Tropical ever green.

A is true but R is false. Sub-polar low pressure is located between 60– 65º latitude in both hemisphere. Low pressure is produced in this area, because the surface air spreads outward from this zone due to rotation of earth.

Air begins to slowly descend in the centre of the storm, creating a rain-free area. This is a newly formed eye. On land,, the centre of the eye is, by for, the calmest part of the storm.

The thunder clouds develop by the above climatic and geographic phenomena. High temperature and humidity causes the wind to rise vertically up and due to orography and pressure of mountains these winds get condensed and form cumulonimbus clouds or thunder clouds.

E1 Nino and La Nina are opposite phases of what is known as the E1 Nino-southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The ENSO cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-central. Impact of E1 – Nino:
– Normal or High rainfall in Eastern/Central Pacific.
– Drought or Scant rainfall in western Pacific/Asia.

Periyar Lake is favoured by the construction of the dam across the Mulloperiyar River. It is an artificial lake in the middle of the periyar wildlife sanctuary.

The earth is the densest of all the planet. Density of Earth is 5.52, Venus–5.50, Mercury 5.27, Mars – 3.95, Jupiter and Saturn – 0.69, Uranus – 1.27.

The amount of moisture in atmosphere is related to latitude because the temperature depends upon the latitude and capacity to hold moisture is related to temperature.

The highest rainfall totals occur near the equator in the tropics, where the strong heating by the sun creates significant vertical uplifts of air and the formation of prolonged heavy showeas and frequent thunderstorms.

Temperature coniferous forests covers the highest percentage of forest area in the world.

Jupiter takes maximum time for one revolution i.e., 11 year 86 days. Mars take 687 days, Venus takes 267 days.

The circulation of atmosphere and oceans is funda-mentally caused by the fact that the amount of incoming solar radiation varies from a maximum at the equator to a minimum at the poles. More reflection and absorption of incoming radiation takes place in high latitude because of the greater thickness of atmosphere that must be penetrated. Thickness of the earth is maximum over the pole.

Volcanic mountain. St. Helen is located in United States of America.

The moon rotates about its own axis in 27.322 days. When the Moon first formed, its rotational speed and orbit were very different than they are now. Over time, the Earth’s gravitational field gradually slowed the Moon’s rotation until the orbital period and the rotational speed stabilized, making one side of the moon always face the Earth.