Khudai Khidmatgars were organized by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi). Khudai Khidmatgar literally translates as the servants of God, represented a non-violent freedom struggle against the British Empire by the Pashtuns (also known as Pathans, Pakhtuns or Afghans) of the North-West Frontier Province.

The labour leaders were influenced by communist ideology and considered INC as bourgeoisie and reactionary. That’s why their participation in the Indian nationalist upsurge was limited.

Cabinet Mission (1946) was the last opportunity to avoid the partition of India with the formation of interim Government. But Muslim League rejected the plan even though they won 73 out of 78 seats in the interim government. They did not attend the first meeting of Constituent Assembly on Dec 9, 1946.

The members of the Constituent Assembly which drafted the Constitution of India were to be elected by provincial assemblies under the system of proportional representation.

Interim government was formed on Sept 2, 1946 as per Cabinet mission proposal. It was headed by Jawahar Lal Nehru.

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat was led by Vallabhbhai Patel. The women of Bardoli gave him the title of Sardar.

Rowlatt Act was passed in March, 1919. The act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction in a court of law. Maulana Mohd. Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned from the legislative council in 1919 during the Khilafat Movement and not in 1916.

In 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi endorsed (not opposed) Gandhi-Irwin Pact. It was presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel.

Statement d is incorrect as any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate union. Cripps Mission provides for an Indian Union with a dominion status after the second world war; which would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.

When Congress leaders condemned the Montagu-Chelmsford Report (July, 1918), many moderates led by Surendra Nath Banerjea left the party to form Indian Liberal Federation in 1919.

Provincial autonomy replaced diarchy. The Governor could refuse assent to bill, promulgate ordinances, and enact governor’s acts. Statement 3 is incorrect as separate electorates based on communal representation persisted in the GIA, 1935.

Statement 1 is incorrect as first session was held in 1885 at Bombay (not in Calcutta) under the presidentship of W.C. Banerjee. The second session was held in Calcutta. Lucknow session in 1916 was presided over by A.C. Majumdaar.

The first session of the Constituent Assembly of India was held on Dec 9, 1946.

Montagu-Chelmsford or Montford Reforms which were announced in July, 1918 in line with the government policy contained in Montagu’s statement (August, 1917) formed the basis of GIA, 1919.

Maulana Hasrat Mohani proposed that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence free from all foreign control in 1921 when he was presiding over the session of All India Muslim League in Lucknow.

Rabindra Nath Tagore returned the Knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).

Chauri–Chaura–Feb 1922; Minto–Morley Reforms-1909; Dandi March – 1930; Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms–1918.

Ghadr revolutionaries were based in San Francisco (North America) and branches along the US Coast and in the far East.

Gandhiji asked the government servants not to resign but declare their allegiance to the Congress. Soldiers were asked not to leave their posts but not to fire.

Congress ministeries were formed in Bombay, Madras, Central Provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bihar and later in NWFP and Assam also.